Avoiding Unpleasant Surprises During College Financial Aid Award Season

This time of year, college-bound students start receiving financial aid award letters from the schools they have applied to. Here’s a typical question asked of us during our free workshops in “financial aid award season:”

Q. We're confused about our son's financial aid award from (Extremely Competitive) University . Our Expected Family Contribution (EFC) is $15,000, but the cost of college around $44,000. The financial aid office offered us only loans. What happened?

A. Here's how the system works: Most financial aid is based on “Need,” calculated as follows: COA-EFC = Need. (COA stands for cost of attendance: tuition, room, board and other incidentals). So the lower your EFC, the higher your Need. The higher your Need, the more aid you receive. But hang on – there are plently of nuances behind this simple formula.

Less than 3 percent of colleges meet 100 percent of Need. Here in Florida, the range is from 30% to approximately 85% of need. The elite, private schools tend to be the most generous, since they have the largest endowments.

But it’s not just the raw percentage of Need that is important; it’s critical to understand how Need is met – what percentage is “free” aid – grants vs. how much is“self-help” - loans and work-study. This mixture varies tremendously among the schools. Some offer 100% grants - Harvard and other Ivy’s,notably; others 85% free, 15% loans. A good ratio here in Florida is 60% free; 40% loans.

So it’s confusing when considering a private school that meets less than 100% of Need: If the COA is $50,000 and EFC is $20,000 - Need is $30,000 (COA-EFC). Many families mistakenly expect an award of $30,000. But if school meets, on average, only 80% of the Need ($24,000), the remaining 20% or $6,000 is additional money the family must cough up. So this family's "adjusted" EFC becomes $24,000.

I realize that this stuff is hard to understand at first blush. Most likely, you’ve never had this explained to you. That’s why we run free college planning workshops several times per month.

But here’s an important point to take away from this post: it’s critical where you apply to college. Some schools have more attractive financial aid packages than others. That’s why we recommend that you start the planning process in Sophomore year of high school; Junior year at the latest. Start by calculating your EFC, and understand that there are legal, ethical and moral ways to lower that number so you maximize your financial aid award letter. Start your planning early so you’re pleased, not depressed, when you receive your award letters.

Andrew Lockwood, J.D. is co-owner of College Planning Specialists in Weston. He co-hosts “The College Planning Power Hour” each Sunday morning, 10:00-10:00 am, WFTL Sports 1400 AM, ESPN Radio. His firm offers free workshops on topics such as “5 Myths About Qualifying for Financial Aid” and “3 Critical Questions You Must Ask The Financial Aid Office Before You Apply:” More information is available at www.CollegePlanningAdvice.com.